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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

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An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Dysphagia: clinical evaluation and management.

Shane Selvanderan1, Stephanie Wong1, Richard Holloway1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Internal Medicine Journal
|July 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is increasingly common, especially in younger individuals due to eosinophilic esophagitis. Prompt diagnosis and management, guided by history and investigations like endoscopy, are crucial for effective treatment.

Keywords:
dysphagiaendoscopyeosinophilic oesophagitismanometrystricture

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is a prevalent condition affecting all age groups.
  • Increasing incidence in younger populations is linked to eosinophilic esophagitis, often presenting as acute food bolus obstruction.
  • Accurate differentiation between oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia is critical for guiding investigations and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evaluation and management of dysphagia.
  • To highlight the importance of clinical history in diagnosing dysphagia.
  • To outline key diagnostic investigations and therapeutic approaches for dysphagia.

Main Methods:

  • Emphasis on detailed patient history to differentiate dysphagia origin (oropharyngeal vs. esophageal).
  • Discussion of primary diagnostic modalities: endoscopy, barium studies, and manometry.
  • Highlighting endoscopy's dual role in diagnosis and therapy (e.g., food bolus removal).

Main Results:

  • Careful history taking is the cornerstone of dysphagia evaluation.
  • Endoscopy, barium studies, and manometry are essential investigations.
  • Endoscopy provides both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Effective dysphagia management relies on accurate diagnosis, often achieved through a multi-disciplinary approach.
  • Understanding the underlying cause, such as eosinophilic esophagitis, is key to successful treatment.
  • Timely investigation and intervention improve patient outcomes for swallowing disorders.