Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

283
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
283
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

217
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
217
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

459
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
459
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

209
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
209
Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

133
Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
Waterproofing admixtures render concrete hydrophobic,...
133
Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

246
In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
246

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Application of Crumb Rubber in Cement-Matrix Composite.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2019
Same author

Recovery of cutting fluids and silicon carbide from slurry waste.

Journal of hazardous materials·2018
Same author

On the Morphology of the SDS Film on the Surface of Borosilicate Glass.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2017
Same author

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Women with Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor KIR2DS1 is Associated with an Increased HLA-C2 Allelic Frequency.

American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
07:42

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

Published on: November 21, 2017

9.8K

On Developing a Hydrophobic Rubberized Cement Paste.

Chi-Yao Chen1, Zih-Yao Shen1, Maw-Tien Lee1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed hydrophobic rubberized cement paste using partially oxidized crumb rubber. The modified material shows excellent water resistance without significantly compromising compressive strength, offering a durable construction solution.

Keywords:
AFMFT-IRNMRSEMXRDcrumb rubberpartial oxidation

More Related Videos

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
07:02

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Published on: August 25, 2016

13.9K
Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
06:27

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
07:42

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way

Published on: November 21, 2017

9.8K
The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry
07:02

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Published on: August 25, 2016

13.9K
Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
06:27

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Cement matrix materials are typically hydrophilic, making them susceptible to water-induced damage.
  • This hydrophilicity poses a significant challenge for the durability of structural materials.
  • Developing hydrophobic cementitious materials is crucial for enhancing structural integrity and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a hydrophobic rubberized cement paste using pretreated crumb rubber.
  • To investigate the surface chemistry and microstructure of the modified cement paste.
  • To evaluate the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the developed material.

Main Methods:

  • Crumb rubber was pretreated via partial oxidation.
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for material characterization.
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and static contact angle measurements assessed microstructure and hydrophobicity.

Main Results:

  • Partial oxidation introduced functional groups on crumb rubber, enhancing its interaction with cement.
  • The hydrophobic rubberized cement paste exhibited excellent static contact angles, indicating superior water repellency.
  • Compressive strength was only insignificantly reduced, demonstrating the material's structural viability.

Conclusions:

  • Partially oxidized crumb rubber effectively imparts hydrophobicity to cement paste.
  • The developed hydrophobic rubberized cement paste offers a promising alternative for durable construction applications.
  • This approach addresses the detrimental effects of water absorption in cementitious materials.