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Parenting despite discrimination: Does racial identity matter?

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Parental gender and racial identity influence how African American parents discuss race with their children, especially when facing racial discrimination. These factors shape racial socialization messages, impacting how children are prepared for bias and cultural understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Parental characteristics and race-related experiences influence racial socialization messages.
  • Parents' beliefs about race may affect their interpretation of and response to race-related stressors.
  • The Sociohistorical Integrative Model for the Study of Stress in Black Families provides a framework for understanding these dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the moderating roles of gender and racial identity subscales on the relationship between race-related stressors and racial socialization.
  • Investigate how personal, vicarious, and anticipated racial discrimination relate to racial socialization messages.

Main Methods:

  • Path analyses were conducted using Mplus 8.2.
  • Online survey data from a national sample of 567 African American parents of adolescents were analyzed.
  • Examined three-way interactions between stressors, identity, and gender.

Main Results:

  • Seven significant three-way interactions were found.
  • Racial centrality and gender moderated the effects of personal and vicarious racial discrimination on racial socialization messages.
  • Private regard, public regard, and parent gender also moderated specific relationships between racial discrimination and racial socialization strategies like preparation for bias and cultural socialization.

Conclusions:

  • Parents' experiences of racial discrimination are differentially related to their racial socialization messages.
  • Parental racial identity and gender are crucial factors in determining the type of racial socialization messages given by African American parents facing race-related stressors.