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Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Increased interhemispheric somatomotor functional connectivity and mirror overflow in ADHD.

C Chen¹, D Lidstone², D Crocetti¹

¹Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Neuroimage. Clinical

|July 19, 2021

Summary

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit greater mirror overflow and stronger somatomotor network connectivity. This increased connectivity may impair their ability to suppress involuntary movements, offering insights into ADHD-related disinhibition.

Keywords:

ADHD Interhemispheric functional connectivity Motor control Motor cortex fMRI

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Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Child Psychiatry

Background:

Mirror overflow, unintentional movements mimicking voluntary actions in homologous muscles, is heightened in children with ADHD and linked to symptom severity.
It serves as a potential biomarker for disinhibited behavior in ADHD, but its neural basis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between interhemispheric functional connectivity of the somatomotor network (SMN) and mirror overflow in school-aged children with and without ADHD.
To explore the neural underpinnings of mirror overflow as a potential biomarker for ADHD.

Main Methods:

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess SMN interhemispheric functional connectivity in 119 children (8-12 years, 62 with ADHD).
Mirror overflow was quantified during a finger sequencing task using finger twitch transducers.
Group independent component analysis (ICA) identified SMNs, and subject-specific timecourses were correlated to measure connectivity.

Main Results:

Children with ADHD demonstrated significantly increased mirror overflow and interhemispheric SMN functional connectivity compared to typically developing children.
A significant positive correlation between interhemispheric SMN functional connectivity and mirror overflow was observed specifically in children with ADHD.
These findings align with studies suggesting compromised interhemispheric cortical inhibitory mechanisms in ADHD.

Conclusions:

Stronger interhemispheric functional connectivity in the SMN may contribute to increased mirror overflow in children with ADHD.
This heightened connectivity might reduce the neural capacity to suppress overflow movements, offering a neural correlate for disinhibition in ADHD.
Mirror overflow, linked to SMN connectivity, shows potential as a neurophysiological marker for ADHD.