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Other Unique Bacteria01:18

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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Mutations01:39

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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Reply to the letter of editor addressed by Thulamy Raman D. Et al., about our article entitled "Radiosensitivity and delayed radiation-induced Nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein in fibroblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy expressing residual dystrophin".

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Reply to the Letter of Editor addressed by D.M. Sati et al., about our article entitled "Radiosensitivity and Delayed Radiation-Induced Nucleo-shuttling of the ATM Protein in Fibroblasts from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Expressing Residual Dystrophin".

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Radiotherapy and Clonogenic Assays for Advancing Cancer Research and Personalized Medicine
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Human Radiosensitivity and Radiosusceptibility: What Are the Differences?

Laura El-Nachef1, Joelle Al-Choboq1, Juliette Restier-Verlet1

  • 1Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Understanding individual radiosensitivity is crucial. This review clarifies the distinct mechanisms behind radiation-induced tissue reactions versus cancer predisposition, aiding risk assessment.

Keywords:
ATMionizing radiationradiodegenerationradiosensitivityradiosusceptibility

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Area of Science:

  • Radiobiology
  • Genetics
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • The term "radiosensitivity" has been historically used ambiguously to describe various radiation effects.
  • Distinguishing between predisposition to adverse tissue reactions and cancer predisposition is critical for accurate risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the distinct biological mechanisms underlying radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility.
  • To improve the estimation of radiation-induced risks by differentiating these responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genetic syndromes and molecular pathways involved in radiation response.
  • Analysis of the role of DNA damage repair and cytoplasmic proteins in cellular response to ionizing radiation.

Main Results:

  • Few syndromes are linked to direct DNA damage recognition/repair deficiencies, essential for cell viability.
  • Cytoplasmic proteins, regulated by ATM protein phosphorylation, influence the molecular response to ionizing radiation independently of genome surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Radiosensitivity (adverse tissue reactions) and radiosusceptibility (cancer predisposition) involve different genetic and molecular mechanisms.
  • The ATM protein's role is key in classifying genetic syndromes related to radiosensitivity and/or radiosusceptibility.