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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

874
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

848
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

849
Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
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Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

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Metabolomics in asthma: A platform for discovery.

Shengjie Xu1, Reynold A Panettieri2, Joseph Jude2

  • 1Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
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Metabolomics reveals altered metabolic pathways in asthma, impacting airway smooth muscle cells. This approach offers new therapeutic targets for severe asthma, improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Asthma is a chronic airway disease marked by hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling.
  • Severe asthma presents with frequent exacerbations and limited response to standard treatments.
  • Understanding asthma's cellular and molecular underpinnings is crucial for developing new therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of asthma metabolomics at systemic and cellular levels.
  • To highlight the role of airway smooth muscle cells in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets through metabolomic profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on asthma metabolomics.
  • Analysis of metabolic pathway alterations in asthma patients.
  • Focus on metabolomic studies of airway structural cells, particularly airway smooth muscle cells.

Main Results:

  • Metabolomics studies show differential modulation of key metabolic pathways in asthma.
  • These pathways include energy metabolism, macromolecular biosynthesis, and redox signaling.
  • Airway smooth muscle cells are implicated in airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, and remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics provides valuable insights into the complex mechanisms of asthma.
  • Altered metabolic profiles in airway smooth muscle cells are critical to asthma.
  • Metabolomic profiling of airway structural cells can identify novel therapeutic targets for asthma.