Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth: a cross sectional...

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Nutritional Science
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) are crucial during pregnancy.
• LCPUFA deficiency is associated with obstetrical complications.
• Investigating LCPUFA status in severe preeclampsia and preterm birth is important.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the status of LCPUFAs in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and preterm birth.
• To compare LCPUFA profiles between normal pregnancy, severe preeclampsia, and preterm birth groups.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 104 pregnant women.
• Serum LCPUFA levels (total, omega-3, omega-6, ALA, EPA, DHA, LA, AA) were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
• Statistical analyses included ROC, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.

Main Results:

• Severe preeclampsia showed higher total PUFA, lower DHA percentage, higher Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio, and lower omega-3 index compared to controls.
• Preterm birth group had the least omega-3 concentrations and significantly lower omega-6 derivatives (LA, AA).
• Low alpha-linolenic acid (ALA ≤ 53 µmol/L) increased the risk for both preeclampsia and preterm birth.

Conclusions:

• Severe preeclampsia and preterm birth exhibit an imbalance in LCPUFA status.
• LCPUFA parameters, particularly ALA, are associated with increased risk for these pregnancy complications.
• Findings highlight the importance of LCPUFA status assessment in high-risk pregnancies.