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Resonant Subwavelength and Nano-Scale Grating Structures for Biosensing Application: A Comparative Study.

Mohammad Abutoama¹, Marwan Abuleil¹, Ibrahim Abdulhalim¹

¹Department of Electrooptics and Photonics Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 20, 2021

Summary

This study explores subwavelength and nanograting resonant sensors for biosensing applications. These cost-effective, large-area sensors offer enhanced sensitivity and self-referenced operation for refractive index detection.

Keywords:

multimodal sensing nano-scale off-the-shelf sensors phase detection photonics plasmonics resonant structures sef self-referenced sensing sers subwavelength gratings

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Area of Science:

Nanophotonics
Optical Biosensing
Nanostructured Materials

Background:

Resonant-based sensors offer superior refractive index (RI) detection sensitivity compared to non-resonant sensors.
Advances in nanostructure fabrication enable large-area, low-cost manufacturing of subwavelength and nano-scale gratings.
Nanograting structures hold significant potential for sensitive and specific biosensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively analyze and experimentally evaluate various subwavelength and nanograting structures for biosensing.
To highlight the unique features and potential of these nanostructures in detecting variations in analyte refractive index.
To propose flexible designs for visible and infrared spectral sensing, including enhanced penetration depth for large analytes.

Main Methods:

Experimental and analytical study of three nanograting geometries: thin dielectric grating on thin metal film (TDGTMF), reflecting grating, and thick dielectric resonant subwavelength grating.
Investigation of extended surface plasmons (ESPs), guided mode resonance (GMR), cavity modes (CMs), and leaky modes.
Demonstration of intensity and phase detection modes using repurposed optical compact discs.

Main Results:

TDGTMF geometry enables self-referenced operation and supports ESPs, GMR, or leaky modes.
Reflecting nanogratings facilitate multimodal operation including ESPR, CMs, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy.
Phase detection offers higher sensitivity across most configurations, while intensity or wavelength detection is more suitable for reflecting gratings.

Conclusions:

Subwavelength and nanograting resonant sensors are highly promising for cost-effective, large-area biosensing.
The studied geometries offer versatile sensing capabilities, including multimodal operation and enhanced penetration depth.
Flexible designs are proposed for diverse sensing applications across visible and infrared spectra.