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Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment

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Recognizing and Counting Freehand Exercises Using Ubiquitous Cellular Signals.

Guanlong Teng¹, Yue Xu¹, Feng Hong¹

¹Department of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 20, 2021

Summary

MobiFit offers contactless fitness tracking using only ground-based cellular signals. This system accurately counts repetitions and recognizes exercise types for ubiquitous, device-free physical fitness monitoring.

Keywords:

cellular sensing cellular signal freehand exercise mobile sensing wireless sensing

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Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Wearable Technology
Signal Processing

Background:

Freehand exercises enhance physical fitness but lack accessible, ubiquitous tracking systems.
Current fitness assistants often require specific devices or locations, limiting exercise options.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop MobiFit, a contactless freehand exercise assistant system.
To enable accurate repetition counting, exercise type recognition, and workout quality assessment without body attachments.

Main Methods:

Utilized a single cellular signal receiver on the ground to passively monitor base station signals.
Developed an analytic model based on experimental signal observations to address signal uncertainties.
Employed spectrogram analysis for repetition segmentation and low-frequency feature extraction for exercise type recognition.

Main Results:

Achieved 98.6% accuracy in repetition counting.
Demonstrated 94.1% accuracy in exercise type recognition.
Maintained a low repetition duration estimation error of under 0.3 seconds.

Conclusions:

MobiFit provides an accurate, contactless solution for freehand exercise monitoring.
The system is effective in diverse indoor and outdoor environments and supports multiple users.
MobiFit overcomes space constraints and deployment overheads associated with traditional fitness systems.