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Related Concept Videos

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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From tip to toe - dressing centrioles in γTuRC.

Nina Schweizer1, Jens Lüders1

  • 1Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Journal of Cell Science
|July 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gamma-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) has expanded roles beyond microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. It is involved in centriole stabilization and microtubule anchoring, supporting cell functions.

Keywords:
CentrioleCentrosomeCiliogenesisMicrotubulesPCMγTuRC

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Microscopy
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Centrioles are essential microtubule-based structures forming the centrosome and cilia.
  • The gamma-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is traditionally known for nucleating microtubules at the pericentriolar material.
  • Emerging evidence indicates broader roles for γTuRC within the centriole.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the expanded functions of γTuRC at centrioles.
  • To discuss how distinct γTuRC subpopulations contribute to centrosome and cilia biogenesis.
  • To propose a revised understanding of γTuRC's role in microtubule organization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of structural and functional data on γTuRC localization.
  • Conceptual framework development for γTuRC activities.

Main Results:

  • γTuRC is found throughout the centriole, not just the pericentriolar material.
  • γTuRC may function in microtubule anchoring and centriole stabilization.
  • Distinct γTuRC populations likely coordinate to support cell homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The classical view of γTuRC solely as a pericentriolar microtubule nucleator requires revision.
  • γTuRC plays multifaceted roles in centriole and centrosome function.
  • Understanding these expanded roles is crucial for cell proliferation and differentiation.