Assessment of Cultural Competence in Pharmacy Students Prior to Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences

Objective. To assess various aspects of cultural competence in second year Doctor of Pharmacy students' and investigate the relationship between cultural competence and students' demographics, work experience, and prior education.Methods. A 63-item survey modified from the Clinical Cultural Competency Questionnaire (CCCQ) and comprising four domains (knowledge, skills, encounters or situations, and attitudes towards cultural competency) was administered to second year pharmacy students before they started their advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Additional questions regarding their ability to identify and recognize elements of cultural competence were asked. The effects of demographics, work experience, and education on cultural competence also were assessed.Results. Ninety-seven students (86.6%) participated in the study. The majority of participants were Asian, female, and in their late 20s. Most students agreed or strongly agreed that they could identify and recognize elements of cultural competence. However, participants indicated they were only a little or somewhat comfortable when asked questions about knowledge, skills, and comfort. Students indicated they had "quite a bit" of competence regarding attitudes towards other cultures. Previous cultural diversity training in undergraduate studies and pharmacy school were associated with higher scores on the modified CCCQ.Conclusion. The findings emphasize the importance of schools providing training in the didactic and experiential portion of the pharmacy curriculum to increase pharmacy students' knowledge, skills, comfort, and attitudes towards other cultures.