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Back to the bones: do muscle area assessment techniques predict functional evolution across a macroevolutionary

Karl T Bates1, Linjie Wang2, Matthew Dempsey1

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|July 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Muscle area assessment (MAA) techniques inaccurately estimate muscle properties and biomechanical performance in rodents. These methods fail to capture key functional differences, questioning their use in macroevolutionary studies.

Keywords:
biomechanicsfinite-element analysismacroevolutionmulti-body dynamicsrodent mastication

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Muscle area assessment (MAA) is widely used to estimate muscle size and function in macroevolutionary research.
  • These methods are popular for their speed in generating data for large-scale studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of MAA techniques for estimating muscle proportions, force, and bone loading.
  • To assess MAA's reliability in a comparative macroevolutionary context using the rodent masticatory system.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of MAA techniques.
  • Case study using the rodent masticatory system.
  • Evaluation of muscle properties, bite force, and bone stress estimation.

Main Results:

  • MAA approaches demonstrated poor accuracy, with significant errors in muscle properties and bite force.
  • Bone stress estimation showed particularly large absolute errors.
  • MAA methods frequently failed to identify qualitative differences between rodent morphotypes, especially in finite-element models.

Conclusions:

  • The findings question the validity of MAA for biomechanical modeling in macroevolutionary studies.
  • MAA's limitations may impact studies of functional transitions and broad-scale macroevolutionary patterns.
  • Future research should focus on direct skeletal measurements to improve predictive accuracy for muscle size and function.