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Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope
Published on: February 28, 2019
M Labardi1, S Capaccioli1,2,3
1CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) using quartz tuning-fork sensors overcomes electrostatic interference for accurate piezoelectric displacement measurements. This method enables reliable mapping of piezoelectric effects in various materials without side-effect complications.
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