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Summary
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare, fatal brain infection caused by soil amoebae. This review covers its discovery, 79 reported human cases, and the importance of recognizing this severe disorder.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) emerged as a fatal disease in animals during polio virus research.
- The causative agents were identified as previously non-pathogenic soil amoebae, found globally.
Observation:
- Initial animal studies suggested potential human risk, later confirmed by worldwide case reports.
- Since 1965, 79 human cases of PAM have been documented, diagnosed both retrospectively and during acute illness.
Findings:
- Pathogenic soil amoebae, their classification, morphology, virulence, and distribution are detailed.
- The review synthesizes clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, pathology, and management strategies for PAM.
- A new case report is included, highlighting the disease's severity.
Implications:
- Otolaryngologists should be aware of PAM, recognizing its potential transnasal route of infection.
- Increased awareness can lead to earlier diagnosis and potentially improved patient outcomes for this devastating infection.