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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

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Bradykinin in carcinoid syndrome.

J Gustafsen1, S Boesby, F Nielsen

  • 1Department of Surgical Gastroenterology C, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Gut
|November 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated bradykinin levels in carcinoid syndrome patients experiencing flushing. Researchers found normal blood bradykinin concentrations, suggesting it is not the cause of carcinoid flushing.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Carcinoid syndrome is characterized by flushing episodes.
  • The vasoactive mediators responsible for carcinoid flushing remain incompletely understood.
  • Bradykinin is a potential candidate mediator due to its vasodilatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure peripheral venous blood bradykinin concentrations in patients with carcinoid syndrome.
  • To determine if elevated bradykinin levels correlate with flushing episodes in carcinoid syndrome.
  • To assess the role of bradykinin as a potential mediator of carcinoid flushing.

Main Methods:

  • Seven patients with histologically verified carcinoid syndrome were enrolled.
  • Urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indole acetic acid levels were used for diagnosis confirmation.

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  • Bradykinin concentrations were measured using a solid phase radioimmunoassay technique in peripheral venous blood samples.
  • Blood samples were collected weekly, with some samples taken during active flushing episodes.

    • Main Results:

    • All seven patients exhibited normal blood bradykinin concentrations.
    • No correlation was found between bradykinin levels and the occurrence or severity of flushing.
    • Bradykinin levels remained within the normal range irrespective of flushing status.

    Conclusions:

    • Bradykinin is unlikely to be the primary vasoactive mediator responsible for flushing in carcinoid syndrome.
    • Further research is needed to identify the definitive mediators of carcinoid flushing.
    • These findings help narrow down the potential causes of carcinoid-related symptoms.