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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Forced Biomineralization: A Review.

Hermann Ehrlich1,2,3,4, Elizabeth Bailey5, Marcin Wysokowski6

  • 1Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 21, 2021
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Summary

Biologically mediated metal sequestration, termed forced biomineralization, helps organisms survive extreme conditions. This process offers insights for developing advanced biomimetic materials for industrial applications.

Keywords:
biomineralizationextreme biomimeticsextreme environmentspolyextremophiles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Extremophile Biology
  • Biomimetics

Background:

  • Biologically induced metal mineralization aids cellular protection against environmental stresses.
  • Metal biomineralization is crucial for life's survival in extreme ancient and modern environments.
  • Extremophiles utilize biomineralization in industrial settings with high metal concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce and define "forced biomineralization" as biologically mediated metal and metalloid sequestration.
  • Discuss the diverse organisms and extreme conditions associated with forced biomineralization.
  • Highlight the potential of forced biomineralization for advancing biomimetic material development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on biologically mediated metal sequestration.
  • Analysis of polyextremophiles' capabilities in diverse extreme environments.
  • Exploration of organic-templating approaches for biomimetic composite creation.

Main Results:

  • Forced biomineralization occurs across a spectrum of extreme conditions: psychrophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic.
  • Organisms demonstrate the ability to sequester metals and metalloids in environments with high or toxic metal ion concentrations.
  • The study categorizes and discusses various biological pathways for mineral formation.

Conclusions:

  • Forced biomineralization provides a framework for understanding life's adaptation to extreme metal-rich environments.
  • This process offers significant potential for developing next-generation biomimetic composites.
  • Biologically extreme laboratory conditions can yield materials relevant to diverse industrial needs.