Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antimicrobial Resistance Research with Innovative Approaches and Synthetic Compounds
Published on: September 27, 2024
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Bis-morpholine Triazine Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Andrea Morandini1, Benedetta Leonetti2, Pietro Riello1,3
1Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy.
Abstract:
Efficient, environmentally and economically sustainable, and nontoxic antibacterial products are of global relevance in the fight against microorganism contamination. In this work, an easy and straightforward method for the synthesis of bis-morpholino triazine quaternary ammonium salts (bis-mTQAS) is reported, starting from 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine or 2,4-dichloro-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine and various N-alkylmorpholines. Bis-mTQAS were tested as antimicrobials against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. The best-performing bis-mTQAS were found to achieve total disinfection against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 at 50 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. Distinctively, bis-mTQAS with the highest antimicrobial efficiency had lowest cytotoxicity.
Related Concept Videos
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines
Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

