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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Measurement of Chitinase Activity in Biological Samples
03:32

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LYSMD3: A mammalian pattern recognition receptor for chitin.

Xin He1, Brad A Howard2, Yang Liu3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Cell Reports
|July 21, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Scientists discovered LYSMD3, a protein on airway epithelial cells, that binds to fungal chitin. This finding is crucial for understanding allergic responses to fungi and asthma development.

Keywords:
AlternariaLYSMD3allergyasthmachitinepithelial cellinnate immunitypattern recognition receptorβ-glucan

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Chitin, a fungal cell wall component, is linked to allergic diseases like asthma.
  • Mammalian recognition mechanisms for chitin and the specific receptors on epithelial cells are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the mammalian receptor responsible for recognizing chitin on fungal cell walls.
  • To elucidate the role of this receptor in epithelial cell inflammatory responses to fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated LYSMD3 expression on human airway epithelial cells.
  • Assessed LYSMD3 binding to chitin and beta-glucan on fungal cell walls.
  • Utilized gene knockdown/knockout and competitive inhibition assays to study LYSMD3 function.
  • Measured inflammatory cytokine production in response to chitin and fungal spores.

Main Results:

  • LYSMD3 is expressed on human airway epithelial cells and binds to chitin and beta-glucan.
  • LYSMD3 knockdown or knockout significantly reduces epithelial cell inflammatory cytokine production in response to chitin and fungal spores.
  • Blocking LYSMD3 ectodomain function inhibits chitin signaling.

Conclusions:

  • LYSMD3 acts as a mammalian pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for chitin.
  • LYSMD3 plays a key role in epithelial cell inflammatory responses to chitin and fungi, impacting allergic disorders.