Application of selected biosensor techniques in clinical diagnostics

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

• Current disease biomarker analysis faces challenges due to sample complexity and limitations of conventional diagnostic techniques.
• Existing methods are often time-consuming and costly, highlighting the need for more sensitive and portable diagnostic tools.
• Chemical sensors offer a pathway to convert chemical information into measurable parameters for rapid analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of biosensors in the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and viral infections.
• To explore various biorecognition mechanisms and technical advancements that enhance biosensor sensitivity.
• To assess the potential of biosensors for medical practitioners in early disease detection.

Main Methods:

• Review of biosensor technologies and their components.
• Analysis of different biorecognition strategies for analyte detection.
• Examination of technical modifications aimed at reducing the limit of detection.
• Discussion of surface plasmon resonance for real-time interaction analysis.

Main Results:

• Biosensors are emerging as a key strategy in novel diagnostic approaches.
• Surface plasmon resonance enables label-free, real-time measurement of ligand-analyte interactions, providing kinetic and affinity data.
• Advancements are driving the development of smaller biosensor devices with visually apparent results.

Conclusions:

• Biosensors represent a significant advancement in diagnostic strategies.
• The real-time analysis capabilities of biosensors offer rapid and informative diagnostic insights.
• The trend towards miniaturization and naked-eye detection facilitates point-of-care medical diagnostics.