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Frequency of Vitamin-D deficiency in children with Urinary tract infection: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Saba Qadir1, Shazia Memon2, Muhammad Nadeem Chohan3
1Dr. Saba Qadir, MBBS, FCPS. Medical Officer, Department of Pediatrics, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Insights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common in children with vitamin D deficiency. This study found nearly half of children with UTIs had low vitamin D levels, indicating a significant link.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Nutritional Biochemistry
Background:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common pediatric concern.
- Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally and may impact immune function.
- The relationship between vitamin D status and UTI in children requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children diagnosed with urinary tract infections.
- To explore the association between vitamin D levels and the occurrence of UTIs in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 children aged 2-60 months diagnosed with UTI.
- Vitamin D levels were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography.
- Exclusion criteria included antibiotic use within 48 hours, immunosuppressive drug use, and known vitamin D deficiency or supplementation.
Main Results:
- Nearly half (45.93%) of the children with UTI exhibited vitamin D deficiency.
- Mild deficiency was observed in 53.16% and moderate deficiency in 69.62% of deficient children.
- Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen identified in children with both mild and moderate vitamin D deficiency.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin D deficiency is frequently observed in children with urinary tract infections.
- The findings suggest a potential link between low vitamin D levels and increased susceptibility to UTIs in pediatric populations.
Objective:
To determine Vitamin-D status in children with urinary tract infection.
Methods:
A Cross-sectional study was done at Pediatric Department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from July 2019 to March 2020. A total of 172 children of either gender from 2 to 60 months of age with confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) (having positive urine C/S report) were included in the study. The child who received antibiotics 48 hours prior or already on immunosuppressive drugs and steroids from previous health record or by taking clinically relevant history), children with CKD on vitamin-D supplementation, and known case of Vitamin-D deficiency were also excluded from the study. All study participants were evaluated for vitamin-D level by high performance liquid chromatography. Urine sample was collected for C/S and 1 cc venous blood was taken for Vitamin D status (ng/ml). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) and stratification was calculated for age, duration of urinary tract infection and vitamin-D level. Post stratification chi-square test was applied for all categorical variables at 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
The average age of the patients was 41.51±18.34 months. There were 130 (75.58%) females and 40 (23.25%) males. Most common complaint of the children was fever 150 (87.21%). Vomiting was present in 31 (18.02%), abdominal pain 22 (12.79%) and dysuria in 15 (8.72%) children. A total of 129 (75%) children had pyelonephritis and 15 (25%) had cystitis. (Frequency of vitamin-D deficiency in children with diagnosed UTI was 45.93% (79/172). Mild vitamin D deficiency was present in 42 (53.16%) children, while moderate deficiency in 55 (69.62%) children. E. Coli was the most common pathogen in both mild and moderate vitamin D deficiency i.e., 20 (47.61) and 31 (56.36%) respectively.
Conclusion:
The frequency of urinary tract infection is more common in children having vitamin D deficiency.
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