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Summary

Bioprocesses using acetogenic bacteria and microalgae can reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) gases. This study compares their engineering aspects, bioreactor designs, and economic viability for producing organic products.

Keywords:
AcetogenBubble column reactorChain elongationCo-cultivationCombustion gas impuritiesContinuous processesGas-lift reactorKineticsMembrane reactorMicroalgaeOpen photobioreactorRaceway pondSyngas fermentationSyngas impuritiesThin-layer cascade reactorTrickle-bed biofilm reactor

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Industrial bioprocesses for C1 gas (CO2 and CO) reduction are crucial for sustainable chemical production.
  • Current methods primarily involve (syn)gas fermentation with acetogenic bacteria and photobioprocesses with microalgae.
  • Optimizing these bioprocesses requires understanding microbial characteristics and engineering parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the process engineering characteristics of autotrophic microorganisms used in C1 gas bioconversion.
  • To summarize engineering aspects for enhancing gas and electron supply in these bioprocesses.
  • To discuss suitable bioreactor configurations and economic constraints for organic product generation.
  • To compare microbial CO2 valorization strategies between gas fermentation and microalgal photoprocesses.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of process engineering characteristics for acetogenic bacteria and microalgae.
  • Analysis of gas and electron supply mechanisms in bioprocesses.
  • Evaluation of bioreactor configurations for industrial-scale C1 gas utilization.
  • Comparative analysis of CO2 valorization pathways.

Main Results:

  • Specific process engineering parameters for acetogenic bacteria and microalgae are outlined.
  • Strategies for improving gas and electron transfer efficiency are identified.
  • Bioreactor designs are discussed in relation to economic feasibility and product output.
  • Key similarities and differences in microbial CO2 valorization are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Both gas fermentation and microalgal photoprocesses offer viable routes for C1 gas valorization.
  • Process engineering optimization is critical for efficient and economical industrial application.
  • Understanding the distinct advantages and limitations of each microbial system is essential for selecting appropriate bioconversion strategies.