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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Stimulant Therapy Utilization for Neurocognitive Deficits in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

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Stimulant medications may help adults and children with persistent neurocognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs). While evidence is limited, physicians may consider these drugs to aid recovery, balancing benefits against potential side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) affect millions annually, often causing lasting neurocognitive deficits like attention and concentration issues.
  • Stimulant medications are established treatments for attention deficit disorder, prompting interest in their use for mTBI-related cognitive impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of stimulant medications for treating neurocognitive deficits following mTBI.
  • To assess the potential role of stimulants in managing prolonged cognitive impairments in various populations affected by mTBI.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted on PubMed, focusing on neurocognitive impairment, mTBI, and stimulant use.
  • Studies published between 1999 and 2020 in English were included.

Main Results:

  • Limited literature exists, with no specific guidelines for stimulant use in mTBI.
  • Some studies indicate that stimulants can be safe and effective for treating neurocognitive sequelae of mTBI in adult, pediatric, military, and athletic groups.

Conclusions:

  • There is limited evidence supporting the use of stimulant medication for persistent neurocognitive symptoms after mTBI.
  • Physician and patient preference are key in deciding on stimulant use; these medications may be considered to aid recovery while monitoring for adverse effects.