Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
The Development of Frontal and Sphenoid Sinuses After Full-House Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in a Child
Kazuhiro Nomura1, Yuki Numano, Mitsuru Sugawara
1Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
Abstract:
Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a standard procedure for adults and is considered a safe and effective procedure in children as well, some uncertainty remains when it comes to children, especially with regard to the future facial and sinus development. Overall, limited ESS does not affect sinus development, and extended ESS does not affect facial features. However, whether or not full-house ESS affects the sinus development, especially the frontal and sphenoid sinuses, remains unclear. The authors herein report a 15-year-old child who received full-house ESS and later re-examined the paranasal sinuses at 24 years old, at which point the frontal and sphenoid sinuses had developed. This is the first report showing the development of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses after such a procedure.
Related Concept Videos
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Nose and Nasal Cavity
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....

