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Testosterone therapy and cardiovascular diseases.

Antonio Cittadini1,2, Andrea M Isidori3, Andrea Salzano4

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testosterone replacement therapy is widely used, but its cardiovascular safety remains uncertain. Ongoing research is crucial to determine if testosterone therapy can safely benefit conditions like heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
HeartHormonesPathophysiologyPrognosisTestosterone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Testosterone (T) has been historically associated with anti-aging effects.
  • Low serum T levels are linked to increased risks of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, dyslipidemia, and mortality.
  • Widespread testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) use is observed, often without clear indications, especially in late-life hypogonadism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on testosterone's role in cardiovascular (CV) disease pathophysiology.
  • To examine the association between circulating T levels and CV risk.
  • To evaluate the potential of TRT as an adjuvant treatment for specific CV disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on testosterone and cardiovascular health.
  • Analysis of the link between testosterone deficiency and adverse CV outcomes.
  • Discussion of current controversies and ongoing research in TRT for CV conditions.

Main Results:

  • Testosterone influences myocardial and vascular structure and function.
  • Testosterone deficiency is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.
  • Emerging evidence suggests potential benefits of TRT in diagnosed hypogonadism for heart failure and type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • The cardiovascular safety of TRT requires further investigation before widespread adoption.
  • Testosterone therapy may offer benefits for heart failure and type 2 diabetes in hypogonadal men.
  • Clarifying CV safety is essential for testosterone therapy to be fully realized as a treatment option.