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Correction to "Cardinal Electronegativity Values Correlate with Physicochemical Properties".

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Cardinal Electronegativity Values Correlate with Physicochemical Properties.

Gordon Sproul1

  • 1University of South Carolina Beaufort, 1 University Boulevard, Bluffton, South Carolina 29909, United States.

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Electronegativity difference is unreliable for classifying chemical bonds. New cardinal coordinates based on lower and higher electronegativity values effectively correlate with metallic, ionic, and covalent bonding types.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • The traditional electronegativity difference (EN) function is widely used but has limitations in accurately classifying chemical bonding types in binary compounds.
  • Commonly employed parameters derived from EN differences and averages lack a direct, consistent correlation with metallic, ionic, or covalent bonding characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of the electronegativity difference function for distinguishing between ionic and covalent bonding.
  • To introduce and validate a novel approach using cardinal coordinates of lower and higher electronegativity values for chemical bond classification.
  • To elucidate the fundamental contributors to chemical bonding through a two-dimensional electronic potential perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the limitations of the electronegativity difference (EN) function for classifying chemical bonds.
  • Development and application of cardinal coordinates derived from lower and higher EN values.
  • Graphical and tabular representation of bonding types based on these new parameters.
  • Investigation of the relationship between absolute and differential electronic potentials and bonding characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The electronegativity difference function is fundamentally untenable for differentiating ionic from covalent bonding.
  • Parameters based on differences and averages of EN values do not directly correlate with metallic, ionic, or covalent bonding.
  • Cardinal coordinates of lower and higher EN values demonstrate a clear correlation with these bonding types.
  • A two-dimensional perspective reveals conductive (band-gap) and insulative (polarity) components contributing to bonding variety.

Conclusions:

  • The conventional electronegativity difference method is inadequate for precise chemical bond classification.
  • A novel approach utilizing cardinal coordinates of lower and higher electronegativity values provides a robust method for correlating bonding types.
  • Chemical bonding arises from a combination of conductive and insulative electronic potential components, offering a new framework for understanding electronegativity.