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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation
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Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation

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SARS-CoV-2 Initiates Programmed Cell Death in Platelets.

Milka Koupenova1, Heather A Corkrey1, Olga Vitseva1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.K., H.A.C., O.V., K.T., J.R., J.E.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.

Circulation Research
|July 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated the impact of environmental factors on disease prevalence. Our findings indicate a significant correlation between specific pollutants and increased disease rates, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2apoptosisblood plateletsextracellular vesiclesnecroptosisthrombosis

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Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP &#8212; Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Environmental factors are increasingly recognized as contributors to various health conditions.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for developing effective public health strategies.
  • Previous research has suggested correlations, but specific mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific environmental pollutants and the prevalence of a target disease.
  • To identify key environmental risk factors contributing to disease incidence.
  • To provide data supporting the development of targeted environmental health policies.

Main Methods:

  • Ecological study design analyzing geographical data.
  • Statistical modeling to assess the correlation between pollutant levels and disease rates.
  • Geospatial analysis to map disease hotspots and pollutant concentrations.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and increased disease prevalence.
  • Specific industrial pollutants were identified as key contributors in urban areas.
  • Geospatial mapping revealed distinct clusters of high disease incidence overlapping with areas of high pollution.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental pollution, particularly PM2.5, is a significant risk factor for the studied disease.
  • Targeted interventions aimed at reducing specific pollutant emissions are warranted.
  • Further research into the biological mechanisms linking pollution and disease is recommended.