Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 27, 2025

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
Published on: July 8, 2025
Through the looking glass: milestones on the road towards mirroring life
Fabian Rohden1, Jörg D Hoheisel2, Hans-Joachim Wieden3
1Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute (ARRTI), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, T1K 3M4, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract:
Naturally occurring DNA, RNA, and proteins predominantly exist in only one enantiomeric form (homochirality). Advances in biotechnology and chemical synthesis allow the production of the respective alternate enantiomeric form, enabling access to mirror-image versions of these natural biopolymers. Exploiting the unique properties of such mirror molecules has already led to many applications, such as biostable and nonimmunogenic therapeutics or sensors. However, a 'roadblock' for unlocking the mirror world is the lack of biological systems capable of synthesizing critical building blocks including mirror oligonucleotides and oligopeptides to reducing cost and improve purity. Here, we provide an overview of the current progress, applications, and challenges of the molecular mirror world by identifying milestones towards mirroring life.
Related Concept Videos
The Looking Glass Self
Kubler Ross's Stages of Dying
In denial, individuals reject the reality of their condition, often thinking, "This isn't true; I feel fine," as a way to protect themselves from...
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Self-Concept
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...
Understanding the Self
Life Histories

