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Researchers created pigs lacking gamma delta T cells to study their function. These pigs showed impaired antibody responses after vaccination, suggesting a role for gamma delta T cells in adaptive immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Animal Models
  • T cell biology

Background:

  • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are crucial for γδ T cell receptor development but their functions remain unclear.
  • Antigens activating γδ T cells are largely MHC-independent and poorly characterized, unlike αβ T cells.
  • Pigs possess higher circulating γδ T cell numbers than mice, making them a valuable model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of γδ T cells in pigs by creating a γδ T cell deficient model.
  • To analyze the impact of γδ T cell deficiency on immune cell populations and responses.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine TRDC-locus knockout using intracytoplasmic microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
  • Flow cytometry to confirm the absence of γδ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and spleen.
  • Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of PBMC and histopathology of lymphoid tissues.
  • Vaccination experiment to assess immune response in knockout pigs.

Main Results:

  • Healthy γδ T cell deficient pigs (TRDC-KO) were successfully generated.
  • TRDC-KO pigs lacked γδ T cells in PBMC and spleen, with unaffected leukocyte subpopulation composition.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed altered pathways consistent with γδ T cell deficiency.
  • KO pigs showed significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers post-vaccination compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established a porcine model for γδ T cell deficiency.
  • Absence of γδ T cells did not cause developmental abnormalities but impaired antibody production.
  • This highlights a potential role for γδ T cells in adaptive immunity and humoral responses.