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Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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RNA Polymerase III, Ageing and Longevity.

Yavuz Kulaberoglu1, Yasir Malik2, Gillian Borland3

  • 1Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Genetics
|July 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is a key regulator of gene transcription and cellular processes. Research shows Pol III influences organismal lifespan, with inhibition extending life and activation promoting longevity.

Keywords:
MAF1RNA polymerase IIITORC1ageingmTOR

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic transcription involves three RNA polymerases (Pol I, II, and III).
  • RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes essential small non-coding RNAs like tRNAs and 5S rRNA.
  • Pol III activity is crucial for cellular processes and its dysregulation is linked to diseases and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of RNA polymerase III in aging and lifespan across model organisms.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Pol III for age-related health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Pol III transcription and its role in aging.
  • Analysis of studies in model organisms (yeast, worms, flies, mice) investigating Pol III's impact on lifespan.
  • Discussion of the molecular mechanisms linking Pol III to aging pathways, including mTORC1 and Maf1.

Main Results:

  • Pol III is an evolutionarily conserved determinant of organismal lifespan.
  • Inhibition of Pol III extends lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies.
  • Activation of Pol III, via Maf1 impairment, also promotes longevity in model organisms.

Conclusions:

  • RNA polymerase III plays a significant and conserved role in regulating lifespan.
  • Modulating Pol III activity presents a potential therapeutic strategy for improving human healthspan and combating age-related diseases.