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Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...

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Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Published on: June 4, 2014

Population Dynamics and Neuronal Polyploidy in the Developing Neocortex.

Thomas Jungas¹, Mathieu Joseph¹, Mohamad-Ali Fawal¹

¹Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.

Cerebral Cortex Communications

|July 23, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers quantified progenitor and neuron populations in the developing mammalian neocortex. This study revealed unexpected numbers of Tbr2+ progenitors and the presence of polyploid neurons during development.

Keywords:

flow cytometry neocortex neurogenesis polyploidy quantitative biology

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Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

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Published on: June 4, 2014

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers MADM

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Published on: May 8, 2020

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

Live Imaging of Primary Cerebral Cortex Cells Using a 2D Culture System

Published on: August 9, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

The mammalian neocortex contains diverse projection neuron subtypes generated from neural progenitors during embryogenesis.
While molecular control of neuronal production is studied, progenitor and neuronal population dynamics and numbers remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively characterize progenitor and neuronal populations during mouse neocortex development.
To provide a dataset on relative proportions and absolute numbers of key cell types.

Main Methods:

Utilized flow cytometry with established identity markers for cortical subpopulations.
Collected quantitative data across a physiological developmental time course in mice.

Main Results:

Generated a comprehensive dataset for two progenitor and two neuron populations.
Discovered unexpectedly high total numbers of Tbr2+ progenitors.
Confirmed the presence of polyploid neurons throughout neocortex development.

Conclusions:

The study provides crucial quantitative insights into neocortical development dynamics.
Findings challenge existing assumptions about progenitor cell numbers.
The consistent presence of polyploid neurons suggests a role in cortical development.