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Gender incongruence in Denmark, a quantitative assessment.

Malene Hilden1,2, Dorte Glintborg3, Marianne Skovsager Andersen3

  • 1Center for Gender Identity, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|July 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The number of individuals undergoing legal sex changes and seeking healthcare for gender identity conditions in Denmark has significantly increased over 40 years. This trend, particularly a tenfold rise in the last decade, necessitates further research into its causes and health implications.

Keywords:
gender dysphoriagender identitygender incongruencegender non-conformityincidencetrans-sexualismtransgender

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Area of Science:

  • Demographic Health Studies
  • Gender Identity Research
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Growing number of individuals with gender incongruence seeking healthcare.
  • Lack of national data on gender incongruence incidence.
  • Need to quantify trends and estimate incidence in Denmark.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the temporal development of individuals with gender incongruence in Denmark.
  • To estimate the national incidence of gender incongruence over a 41-year period.
  • To analyze trends in legal sex changes and healthcare contacts.

Main Methods:

  • Historical descriptive cohort study utilizing Danish national registers.
  • Combined data on legal sex changes (Statistics Denmark) and gender-identity diagnoses (National Health Register).
  • Analysis covered the period from 1980 to 2020 for individuals over 18 years.

Main Results:

  • Annual legal sex changes increased significantly from 1980-2020 for both assigned female at birth (5 to ~170) and assigned male at birth (10 to ~150).
  • Cumulative legal sex changes by 2019: 1275 (AFAB) and 1422 (AMAB), with 66% under 30 years.
  • Healthcare contacts for gender identity conditions rose from 30 (1990s) to ~500 (2017), a tenfold increase 2010-2017.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial increase in legal sex changes and healthcare contacts for gender identity diagnoses over 40 years.
  • A more than tenfold increase in the last decade highlights a significant recent trend.
  • Further research is needed on causes, health consequences of treatments, and healthcare provision.