Gender incongruence in Denmark, a quantitative assessment
Malene Hilden1,2, Dorte Glintborg3, Marianne Skovsager Andersen3
1Center for Gender Identity, Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|July 23, 2021
Summary
The number of individuals undergoing legal sex changes and seeking healthcare for gender identity conditions in Denmark has significantly increased over 40 years. This trend, particularly a tenfold rise in the last decade, necessitates further research into its causes and health implications.
Area of Science:
- Demographic Health Studies
- Gender Identity Research
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Growing number of individuals with gender incongruence seeking healthcare.
- Lack of national data on gender incongruence incidence.
- Need to quantify trends and estimate incidence in Denmark.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the temporal development of individuals with gender incongruence in Denmark.
- To estimate the national incidence of gender incongruence over a 41-year period.
- To analyze trends in legal sex changes and healthcare contacts.
Main Methods:
- Historical descriptive cohort study utilizing Danish national registers.
- Combined data on legal sex changes (Statistics Denmark) and gender-identity diagnoses (National Health Register).
- Analysis covered the period from 1980 to 2020 for individuals over 18 years.
Main Results:
- Annual legal sex changes increased significantly from 1980-2020 for both assigned female at birth (5 to ~170) and assigned male at birth (10 to ~150).
- Cumulative legal sex changes by 2019: 1275 (AFAB) and 1422 (AMAB), with 66% under 30 years.
- Healthcare contacts for gender identity conditions rose from 30 (1990s) to ~500 (2017), a tenfold increase 2010-2017.
Conclusions:
- Substantial increase in legal sex changes and healthcare contacts for gender identity diagnoses over 40 years.
- A more than tenfold increase in the last decade highlights a significant recent trend.
- Further research is needed on causes, health consequences of treatments, and healthcare provision.
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