Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 27, 2025
09:42
Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples
Published on: August 7, 2016
8.9K
Deep eutectic solvent decomposition-based microextraction for chromium determination in aqueous environments by
Andrey Shishov1, Pavel Terno1, Andrey Bulatov1
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, SPbSU, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. a.y.shishov@spbu.ru.
The Analyst
|July 23, 2021
Summary
A novel method uses a deep eutectic solvent for sensitive chromium species determination in water. This technique offers a rapid, simple, and efficient approach for environmental chromium analysis.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
- Green Chemistry
Background:
- Accurate determination of chromium species in environmental samples is crucial for assessing water quality and potential ecological risks.
- Traditional methods for chromium analysis can be time-consuming, require complex procedures, and may involve hazardous organic solvents.
- There is a need for rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly methods for trace chromium determination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a novel, sensitive, rapid, and simple microextraction procedure for determining chromium species in natural and waste waters.
- To utilize a quasi-hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a multifunctional medium for chromium extraction.
- To assess the efficiency and reliability of the developed method for trace chromium analysis.
Main Methods:
- Development of a microextraction technique employing a quasi-hydrophobic DES composed of tetrabutylammonium bromide and hexanoic acid.
- The DES acted as a dispersive agent, chelating agent, and extraction solvent.
- Analysis of extracted chromium(VI) species using atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (Cr-AAS-ETA).
Main Results:
- The developed method achieved a significant enrichment factor of 53 and an extraction recovery of 89%.
- A low limit of detection (LOD) of 5.0 ng L⁻¹ for chromium species was obtained.
- The method demonstrated good precision, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.9% and 5.0%, respectively.
Conclusions:
- The developed method, utilizing a novel DES for microextraction, provides a sensitive, rapid, and simple approach for chromium species determination in water samples.
- The multifunctional nature of the DES simplifies the analytical procedure and enhances extraction efficiency.
- This environmentally friendly method holds promise for routine monitoring of chromium in various water matrices.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods
810
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
810
01:21Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
708
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing...
708
01:08Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques
537
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
537
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
717
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
717
00:56Extraction: Advanced Methods
648
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
648
01:20Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview
2.9K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
2.9K