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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

25.1K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
25.1K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.0K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
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Antiperovskite K3OI for K-Ion Solid State Electrolyte.

Jingfeng Zheng1, Hong Fang2, Longlong Fan3

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Ohio 43210, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|July 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered antiperovskite K3OI as a promising solid-state electrolyte for potassium-ion batteries. Its phase transition significantly boosts ionic conductivity, enabling stable cycling with reactive potassium metal.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing advanced solid-state electrolytes is critical for enhancing potassium-ion (K-ion) battery performance, including energy density, longevity, and safety.
  • Antiperovskite materials are being explored for their potential as solid-state electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate antiperovskite K3OI as a novel K-ion solid-state electrolyte.
  • To understand the mechanism behind its phase transition and its impact on ionic conductivity.
  • To evaluate the performance of K3OI with reactive potassium metal.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental and theoretical approaches were employed.
  • Characterization of antiperovskite K3OI, including structural and ionic conductivity measurements.
  • Ba-doping was used to optimize the electrolyte properties.
  • Fabrication and testing of K/K2.9Ba0.05OI/K symmetric cells.

Main Results:

  • A solid-solid phase transition was observed in K3OI around 240 °C, increasing ionic conductivity by two orders of magnitude.
  • Anion disorder in the I-O sublattice is proposed as the mechanism for the phase transition.
  • Ba-doped K2.9Ba0.05OI achieved an ionic conductivity of 3.5 mS cm-1 with low activation energy (0.36 eV).
  • Stable cycling of symmetric cells demonstrated low overpotential (50 mV at 0.5 mA/cm2) at 270 °C.

Conclusions:

  • K3OI is identified as a promising K-ion solid-state electrolyte compatible with reactive K metal.
  • The study enhances the understanding of alkali antiperovskite solid-state electrolytes.
  • The phase transition mechanism provides insights for designing future solid-state electrolytes.