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Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets

Published on: October 3, 2014

Synthetic tissue engineering with smart, cytomimetic protocells.

David William Green¹, Jolanta Anna Watson², Besim Ben-Nissan³

¹School of Metallurgy and Materials, Biomaterials Research Group, Proto-cellular Biomaterials Unit, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.

|July 23, 2021

Summary

Synthetic protocells and proto-tissues offer programmable, life-like biomaterials for advanced applications. These engineered systems are paving the way for innovations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Keywords:

Artificial cells Bio-inspiration Biomimetics Cell engineering Materials chemistry Proto-tissues Protocells Regenerative medicine Tissue engineering Tissue-soma

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Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Tissue Engineering: Construction of a Multicellular 3D Scaffold for the Delivery of Layered Cell Sheets

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Published on: October 3, 2014

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

Published on: March 9, 2017

Preparation of Mesh-Shaped Engineered Cardiac Tissues Derived from Human iPS Cells for In Vivo Myocardial Repair

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Published on: June 9, 2020

Area of Science:

Synthetic Biology
Bioinspired Materials Chemistry
Soft Matter Chemistry

Background:

Synthetic protocells mimic natural cells, advancing synthetic biology and materials science.
Protocells in symbiosis form proto-tissues with autonomy and life-like features.
Current biomaterials lack self-repair and cell synergy, unlike living counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and recent advancements in synthetic protocells and proto-tissues.
To highlight the potential of protocell-based materials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
To explore the fusion of living and synthetic components for novel functions.

Main Methods:

Review of developmental background and recent reported developments in synthetic proto-biology.
Emphasis on manufacturing proto-tissues for organoid and stem cell niche engineering.
Highlighting hybrid systems combining living cells with synthetic protocells.

Main Results:

Synthetic protocells and proto-tissues exhibit programmable functions and tunable behaviors.
These systems offer life-like properties such as self-repair and cell synergy for biomaterials.
Hybrid systems demonstrate novel functions and living tissue products.

Conclusions:

Future protocell-based biomaterials will incorporate core properties of living organisms.
Protocells are programmable for diverse functions and tunable in consortia.
The field of synthetic proto-biology is rapidly advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.