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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Modeling an Aspect of Preeclampsia in Female Mice Using Hypoxic Human Placenta-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
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Elevated Circulating and Placental SPINT2 Is Associated with Placental Dysfunction.

Ciara N Murphy1,2, Susan P Walker1,2, Teresa M MacDonald1,2

  • 1The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Elevated SPINT2 levels are linked to placental insufficiency, a condition affecting fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes. This finding may lead to new biomarkers for diagnosing placental dysfunction.

Keywords:
SPINT2/HAI-2foetal growth restrictionintrauterine growth restrictionplacental insufficiencypreeclampsiasmall for gestational age

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Placental dysfunction lacks reliable biomarkers.
  • SPINT1 was recently identified as a novel biomarker.
  • SPINT2 is a functionally related placental protease inhibitor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize SPINT2 expression in placental insufficiency.
  • To investigate SPINT2 as a potential biomarker for placental dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed circulating SPINT2 in three prospective cohorts (term, 36 weeks, 24-34 weeks gestation).
  • Measured SPINT2 in plasma and placentas of women with preterm preeclampsia.
  • Evaluated SPINT2 expression in human trophoblast stem cells under hypoxia and inflammatory conditions.
  • Measured placental SPINT2 mRNA in a rat model of fetal growth restriction.

Main Results:

  • Circulating SPINT2 was elevated at 36 weeks in patients who developed preeclampsia or delivered small-for-gestational-age infants.
  • Placental SPINT2 was elevated in patients requiring delivery for preterm preeclampsia.
  • Hypoxia increased SPINT2 in cytotrophoblast stem cells.
  • Elevated SPINT2 expression was observed in the placental labyrinth of growth-restricted rats.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated SPINT2 is associated with placental insufficiency.
  • SPINT2 shows potential as a biomarker for placental dysfunction.
  • Further research is warranted to validate SPINT2 as a clinical biomarker.