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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

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Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
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Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

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Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...
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Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

Anchoring Junctions

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
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The Epithelial Cell Leak Pathway.

Ashley Monaco1, Ben Ovryn2, Josephine Axis1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The epithelial cell tight junction

Keywords:
Leak PathwayPore PathwayZO-1ZO-2claudinoccludinparacellular permeabilitytight junction

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Epithelial physiology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Epithelial cells form barriers regulating solute and water transport.
  • Paracellular permeability occurs via Pore and Leak Pathways.
  • Claudins define the Pore Pathway; Leak Pathway proteins are unresolved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of the Leak Pathway concept.
  • To discuss current understanding of Leak Pathway properties and theories.
  • To present recent research on the molecular basis of the Leak Pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of paracellular permeability research.
  • Analysis of historical and current theories on the Leak Pathway.
  • Synthesis of recent findings on potential Leak Pathway components.

Main Results:

  • The Leak Pathway's role in large solute transport is established but poorly understood.
  • Several proteins (occludin, ZO, tricellulin, actin) are implicated but not confirmed.
  • Controversies persist regarding the Leak Pathway's mechanism, properties, and regulation.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular identity of the Leak Pathway remains a significant research question.
  • Further investigation is needed to resolve the components and mechanisms of the Leak Pathway.
  • Recent studies offer promising avenues for understanding the Leak Pathway's molecular basis.