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Cardiomyopathies: An Overview
Tiziana Ciarambino1, Giovanni Menna2, Gennaro Sansone2
1Internal Emergency Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81037 ASL Caserta, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 24, 2021
Summary
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common primary cardiomyopathy and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes. Understanding normal versus pathological heart changes is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Cardiomyopathies encompass diverse heart pathologies affecting structure and function.
- These conditions require accurate diagnosis and management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review key cardiomyopathies, focusing on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
- To highlight the significance of differentiating normal adaptations from pathological changes.
Main Methods:
- A literature search was conducted on PubMed up to March 30, 2021.
- Keywords included "cardiomyopathies," "sudden cardiac arrest," and specific cardiomyopathy types (DCM, HCM, RCM, ARCV, Takotsubo).
Main Results:
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects 1:500 individuals, being the most common primary cardiomyopathy.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) affects 1:2500 and is a primary indication for heart transplantation.
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) accounts for 2-5% of cases; Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV) involves fibrofatty tissue replacement; Takotsubo syndrome presents with acute cardiac dysfunction due to stress.
Conclusions:
- HCM is a significant cause of sudden death in US athletes.
- Distinguishing exercise-induced cardiac changes from pathological conditions is critical.
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