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Cardiomyopathies: An Overview

Tiziana Ciarambino1, Giovanni Menna2, Gennaro Sansone2

  • 1Internal Emergency Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81037 ASL Caserta, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common primary cardiomyopathy and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes. Understanding normal versus pathological heart changes is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiomyopathies encompass diverse heart pathologies affecting structure and function.
  • These conditions require accurate diagnosis and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key cardiomyopathies, focusing on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the significance of differentiating normal adaptations from pathological changes.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted on PubMed up to March 30, 2021.
  • Keywords included "cardiomyopathies," "sudden cardiac arrest," and specific cardiomyopathy types (DCM, HCM, RCM, ARCV, Takotsubo).

Main Results:

  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects 1:500 individuals, being the most common primary cardiomyopathy.
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) affects 1:2500 and is a primary indication for heart transplantation.
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) accounts for 2-5% of cases; Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARCV) involves fibrofatty tissue replacement; Takotsubo syndrome presents with acute cardiac dysfunction due to stress.

Conclusions:

  • HCM is a significant cause of sudden death in US athletes.
  • Distinguishing exercise-induced cardiac changes from pathological conditions is critical.
Abstract

Keywords:
arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathycardiomyopathiesdilated cardiomyopathyhypertrophic cardiomyopathyrestrictive cardiomyopathysudden cardiac arresttakotsubo syndrome

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