Nutrition Education Programs Aimed at African Mothers of Infant Children: A Systematic Review
Cristina Jardí1,2, Byron David Casanova1, Victoria Arija1,2
1Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Research Group on Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
Background:
Child malnutrition is a major epidemiological problem in developing countries, especially in African countries. Nutrition education for mothers can alleviate this malnutrition in their young children. The objective of this study was to make a systematic review to assess the effect of intervention programs in nutrition education for African mothers on the nutritional status of their infants.
Methods:
A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed database for clinical trials between November 2012 and 2021. The studies should contain educational programs to evaluate the impact on the infant's nutritional indicators in children under 5 years (food consumption, anthropometry and/or knowledge of nutrition in caretakers).
Results:
A total of 20 articles were selected, of which 53% evaluated infant's food consumption, 82% anthropometric measurements and 30% nutritional knowledge. In general, nutritional education programs are accredited with some significant improvements in food and nutrient consumption, knowledge and dietary practices in complementary feeding, but only those studies that implemented strategies in agriculture, educational workshops and supplementation obtained reductions in chronic malnutrition figures.
Limitations:
There is high heterogeneity in the articles included, since the intervention programs have different approaches.
Conclusions:
Programs that implemented actions of national agriculture or nutritional supplementation reap the greatest benefits in curbing infant malnutrition.
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