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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
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Genetic Susceptibility to Acute Kidney Injury.

Christian Ortega-Loubon1,2, Pedro Martínez-Paz1,3, Emilio García-Morán1,4

  • 1BioCritic. Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors influence acute kidney injury (AKI) susceptibility and severity. Understanding these genetic implications offers new strategies for preventing and treating AKI, a complex condition with significant health impacts.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurygene polymorphismgenetic variationintensive care unitpredisposition

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) presents a significant global health challenge, contributing to high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
  • AKI is a complex syndrome, often occurring secondary to other conditions, with limited treatment options beyond supportive care.
  • Genetic predisposition is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing AKI susceptibility and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of key genes in the development and progression of acute kidney injury.
  • To provide an updated understanding of the genetic factors contributing to AKI.
  • To identify potential genetic markers for novel AKI therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of genetic studies related to acute kidney injury.
  • Analysis of current research on gene-environment interactions in AKI.
  • Synthesis of findings on genetic predispositions and their clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • Several key genes have been implicated in the susceptibility and severity of AKI.
  • Genetic variations can influence the kidney's response to injury and its capacity for repair.
  • Understanding these genetic underpinnings is crucial for personalized AKI management.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury.
  • Targeting specific genes offers promising avenues for developing novel preventative and therapeutic interventions for AKI.
  • Further research into AKI genetics is essential for advancing patient care and reducing disease burden.