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Development of a Cultural Intelligence Framework in Pharmacy Education
Lana M Minshew1, Diana Lee1, Carla Y White1
1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|July 24, 2021
Summary
Pharmacists need cultural intelligence (CI) training to provide patient-centered care. This study developed a CI framework for pharmacy education, finding awareness, knowledge, and desire were common, but practice was less discussed.
Area of Science:
- Health Professions Education
- Cultural Competency in Healthcare
- Pharmacy Practice
Background:
- Pharmacists require cultural intelligence (CI) for effective patient-centered care.
- Current pharmacy curricula often lack structured CI training.
- Developing CI is crucial for preparing socially responsible healthcare practitioners.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a Cultural Intelligence Framework (CIF) for pharmacy education.
- To assess the alignment of the CIF with Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) training.
- To identify gaps in CI education within pharmacy programs.
Main Methods:
- Conducted an extensive literature analysis of CI education methods.
- Integrated leading CI models and Bloom's Taxonomy to construct the CIF.
- Utilized five student focus groups to map cultural experiences to the CIF, with data coded deductively.
Main Results:
- The four CIF domains (awareness, knowledge, practice, desire) were present in focus group discussions.
- Most students demonstrated cultural awareness, knowledge, and desire.
- Cultural practice was less frequently discussed by participants, with experiences varying by race and academic year.
Conclusions:
- The developed CIF offers an evidence-based approach to CI training in pharmacy.
- The CIF can guide the integration of CI into pharmacy curricula.
- This study is a foundational step in understanding and enhancing CI education for future pharmacists.
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