Multi-gene mutation metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

Gene panel sequencing of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) can assist in identifying appropriate targeted therapies. Although some studies have reported single DNA mutations, this is the first case of mCRPC with five different DNA mutations based on gene panel analysis. The patient, a 75-year-old man, initially presented with haematuria. Laboratory investigation revealed elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, and CT showed an enlarged prostate gland with metastatic lymph nodes. A 12-core biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Gene panel sequencing demonstrated five different DNA mutations associated with sensitivities to olaparib and pembrolizumab. Treatment failure after hormonal therapy with leuprorelin and bicalutamide resulted in the initiation of chemotherapy with docetaxel. Over the past decade, development of genome sequencing analysis may guide us with more precise targeted therapy specific to mCRPC early on, especially with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors may show survival benefits.