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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Echocardiographic Approaches and Protocols for Comprehensive Phenotypic Characterization of Valvular Heart Disease in Mice
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Aging and myocardial strain.

Koki Nakanishi1, Masao Daimon2,3

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. knakanishi82@gmail.com.

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001)
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Aging significantly impacts cardiac function, potentially increasing cardiovascular disease risk in older adults. Advanced imaging techniques reveal subtle changes in heart muscle strain that predict health outcomes.

Keywords:
AgingSpeckle tracking echocardiographyStrain

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High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Advanced age is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Age-related cardiac changes influence CVD development and presentation in the elderly.
  • The precise cause of cardiac alterations in aging (intrinsic vs. acquired factors) remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between aging and myocardial strain.
  • To explore the role of cardiac functional remodeling in cardiovascular aging.
  • To inform potential preventive strategies for CVD in older individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing speckle-tracking echocardiography for objective myocardial assessment.
  • Evaluating left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain as a marker of systolic dysfunction.
  • Assessing right ventricular (RV) and atrial strain using deformation imaging.

Main Results:

  • LV global longitudinal strain is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Impaired RV and atrial strain are associated with adverse outcomes.
  • Speckle-tracking echocardiography offers sensitive detection of myocardial changes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding age-related myocardial strain changes is crucial for cardiovascular aging insights.
  • Deformation imaging provides valuable data on cardiac performance in aging.
  • Further research may guide preventive CVD strategies for the elderly.