Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

264
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
264
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

8.1K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
8.1K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.6K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.6K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

11.6K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
11.6K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

8.0K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
8.0K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

9.7K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
9.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Addressing the Key Challenges of Decentralized Clinical Trials in Europe: Multistakeholder Perspective Delphi Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Longitudinal Echocardiographic Parameters of Diastolic Dysfunction Are Influenced by Kidney Function: A Study in Routine Clinical Practice.

Journal of the American Heart Association·2026
Same author

European science for health research needs and priorities.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2026
Same author

Dispensing of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: a cross-national drug utilisation study.

Nordic journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Sex differences in documented clinical features of memory clinic patients: a natural language processing study.

Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior·2026
Same author

Persistent hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab therapy in pediatric patients, prevalence and clinical outcomes.

Clinical immunology communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody mAb by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method
16:07

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody mAb by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

Published on: September 16, 2017

9.4K

Switching TNFα inhibitors: Patterns and determinants.

Rosanne W Meijboom1,2, Helga Gardarsdottir2,3,4, Matthijs L Becker1,5

  • 1Pharmacy Foundation of Haarlem Hospitals, Haarlem, The Netherlands.

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Approximately one in six patients switched TNFα-inhibitor (TNFα-i) therapy, primarily to another TNFα-i. Key factors influencing switching included dose escalation and high-dose corticosteroid use in rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Keywords:
biological productsdrug utilizationinflammatory bowel diseasespharmacoepidemiologyrheumatologytumor necrosis factor inhibitors

More Related Videos

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.6K
Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

53.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody mAb by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method
16:07

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody mAb by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

Published on: September 16, 2017

9.4K
Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.6K
Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

53.0K

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFα-i) are crucial for managing rheumatic diseases (RD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis.
  • Understanding treatment switching patterns is vital for optimizing patient outcomes and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate switching patterns among patients initiating TNFα-inhibitor therapy.
  • To identify determinants associated with switching biological treatments in RD, IBD, and psoriasis patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 2228 patients initiating TNFα-i between 2012-2017 in three Dutch hospitals.
  • Analysis included switching incidence, patterns, and logistic regression to identify determinants for the first switch.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 16.6% of RD, 14.5% of IBD, and 16.0% of psoriasis patients switched therapy, predominantly to another TNFα-i.
  • In RD, TNFα-i dose escalation and high-dose corticosteroid initiation were significant predictors of switching.
  • For IBD, determinants included TNFα-i dose escalation, immunomodulator use, high-dose corticosteroids, and serum concentration monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Switching biological treatment is common, affecting about one in six patients.
  • Specific clinical factors like dose escalation and corticosteroid use predict switching in RD and IBD patients.
  • These insights can aid clinicians in anticipating and managing treatment switches for patients on TNFα-inhibitors.