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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Engineering Ruthenium-Based Electrocatalysts for Effective Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Yingjie Yang1, Yanhui Yu1, Jing Li2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|July 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ruthenium (Ru) shows promise as a cost-effective alternative to platinum for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. Strategies like electronic modulation and support engineering enhance Ru-based catalyst performance for a sustainable hydrogen energy future.

Keywords:
Electrochemical water splittingHydrogen evolution reactionPerformanceRuthenium-based catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • The transition to a hydrogen energy society necessitates efficient, durable, and affordable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • Electrochemical water-splitting offers a clean and efficient method for producing pure hydrogen, crucial for replacing fossil fuels.
  • Ruthenium (Ru) presents a viable alternative to platinum (Pt)-based catalysts due to its comparable hydrogen bonding, lower water decomposition energy, and reduced cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in HER electrocatalysts, focusing on ruthenium-based materials.
  • To analyze HER mechanisms and identify design principles for advanced Ru-based HER catalysts.
  • To discuss strategies for improving the activity and stability of Ru-based electrocatalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on HER electrocatalysis.
  • Analysis of performance-describing parameters for HER catalysts.
  • Discussion of four key strategies: electronic effect modulation, support engineering, structure design, and single-atom utilization.

Main Results:

  • Ruthenium-based catalysts are identified as promising alternatives to platinum for HER.
  • Various strategies can significantly enhance the performance of Ru-based electrocatalysts.
  • Understanding HER mechanisms is crucial for rational catalyst design.

Conclusions:

  • Ruthenium-based electrocatalysts offer a cost-effective and efficient pathway for hydrogen production via HER.
  • Further research into electronic modulation, support engineering, structural design, and single-atom catalysts will accelerate practical applications.
  • Addressing current challenges and exploring future prospects are essential for realizing the potential of Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogen economy.