Itraconazole Oral Solution for a Case of Infantile Hemangioma: Monitoring the Efficacy by Dermoscopy and MRI

Infantile hemangioma is a common and challenging benign vascular tumor. Although involution is spontaneous, approximately 10% of infantile hemangioma of large size or in specific locations may cause ulceration, severe cosmetic and functional problems that may require intervention. Treatment options include oral propranolol, topical timolol, and oral corticosteroids. However, the clinical response is not always satisfactory. We report the case of a 4-month-old boy who presented with an irregular erythematous plaque on his left shoulder 3 days after birth. Infantile hemangioma was diagnosed. Topical application of 0.5 ml of 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops for half an hour each time three times a day was initiated. After nearly 3 months of follow-up, the size of the lesion gradually increased. Finally, after 115 days of treatment with itraconazole oral solution (the total dose was about 4025 mg), the refractory infantile hemangioma was successfully treated. Hepatic and renal function remained normal with only mild diarrhea during the course of oral medication. Treatment compliance of oral itraconazole in infants has been reported to be good. Dermoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) played a crucial role in in vivo observation of the hemangioma changes with vascular regression during the treatment process.