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Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
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A Common Molecular Switch for H2S to Regulate Multiple Protein Targets.

Bei-Bei Tao1, Yi-Chun Zhu2

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

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Summary

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) exerts protective effects by modifying cysteine residues in proteins, leading to altered structure and activity. This review explores H₂S mechanisms, including sulfhydration and disulfide bond disruption, to identify its protein targets.

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Hydrogen sulfideMolecular switchVEGFR2

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is an endogenous small molecule with known protective effects.
  • The precise molecular targets and mechanisms of H₂S action remain incompletely understood.
  • Existing research proposes two primary mechanisms for H₂S activity: protein sulfhydration and disulfide bond disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and critically evaluate the two main proposed mechanisms of H₂S action.
  • To discuss the relationship between sulfhydration and disulfide bond disruption by H₂S.
  • To identify potential protein targets and elucidate the effects of H₂S on biological molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of experimental evidence.
  • Comparative analysis of the sulfhydration and disulfide bond disruption theories.
  • Discussion of experimental findings supporting each mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Both protein sulfhydration and disulfide bond disruption by H₂S are experimentally supported phenomena.
  • Sulfhydration involves modification of free thiols in cysteine residues, altering protein structure and activity.
  • H₂S can also act as an antioxidant, directly breaking disulfide bonds, with persulfide formation as an intermediate.

Conclusions:

  • Both proposed mechanisms contribute to H₂S's biological effects.
  • Understanding the interplay between these mechanisms is crucial for identifying H₂S protein targets.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of H₂S in cellular processes.