Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

5.9K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
5.9K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

5.1K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
5.1K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

3.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
3.8K
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

948
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
948
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.2K
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

742
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
742

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A double endocrine-disrupting effect of PFAS on intra- and extra-thyroid targets: inhibition of iodide uptake and interference with MCT8-mediated T3 transport in vitro.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2026
Same author

Modulation of chemokine secretion and oxidative stress <i>in vitro</i> in thyroid cells after exposure to thiocyanate, nitrate, or perchlorate.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Born at higher risk: persistent male excess risk of cerebral palsy from extreme prematurity to term: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Biology of sex differences·2026
Same author

ESC guidelines 2025 on cardiovascular disease and pregnancy: considerations and future perspectives.

European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology·2026
Same author

Beyond the placebo effect: a systematic review and a network meta-analysis of treatment strategies for vulvodynia.

BMC women's health·2026
Same author

Revisiting Urological Injury Risks in Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy for Benign Indications: A Rare-Events Network Meta-Analysis with Sensitivity Analyses.

International urogynecology journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.0K

Placental pathologic features in thyroid autoimmunity.

Arsenio Spinillo1, Irene De Maggio2, Beatrice Ruspini2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi n.19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova n.65, 27100, Pavia, Italy.

Placenta
|July 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

First trimester thyreoperoxidase antibody (TPO Ab) positivity is linked to placental issues and fetal growth restriction. These findings were independent of thyroid function or other antibodies.

Keywords:
Adverse pregnancy outcomeMaternal vascular malperfusionPlacental functionThyreoperoxidase antibodiesThyroid function

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

813
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 27, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

813
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

21.3K

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction and antibodies during pregnancy can impact maternal and fetal health.
  • Limited data exists on specific placental pathological features associated with thyreoperoxidase antibodies (TPO Ab) and hypothyroidism.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the placental pathological features in women with TPO Ab positivity during the first trimester of pregnancy.
  • To analyze the relationship between TPO Ab, hypothyroidism, and adverse placental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective case-control observational study.
  • Screening for TPO Ab and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the first trimester.
  • Standardized classification of placental pathological findings.

Main Results:

  • TPO Ab positivity was observed in 9.6% of pregnancies.
  • Elevated TSH levels (≥2.5mU/L) in TPO Ab positive cases correlated with higher uterine artery Doppler pulsatility indices and reduced placental volume/area.
  • Increased rates of fetal growth restriction (FGR)/small for gestational age (SGA), decidual vasculopathy, and maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) were noted in TPO Ab positive cases, independent of TSH levels or antinuclear antibodies (ANA).

Conclusions:

  • First-trimester TPO Ab positivity is associated with abnormal uterine artery Doppler findings and placental features indicative of MVM.
  • These placental abnormalities and increased risk of FGR/SGA are linked to TPO Ab presence, irrespective of TSH concentration or ANA status.
  • The study highlights the importance of TPO Ab screening in early pregnancy for identifying potential placental complications.