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Multigenerational Social Mobility: A Demographic Approach.

Xi Song1

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania.

Sociological Methodology
|July 26, 2021
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Summary

This study introduces a demographic approach to analyze multigenerational social mobility. It reveals how birth, death, and mating patterns interact with socioeconomic status to shape family and population dynamics over time.

Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Demography
  • Population Studies

Background:

  • Traditional social mobility research focuses on two generations, limiting analysis of long-term family trends.
  • Existing models overlook how demographic behaviors (births, deaths, mating) influence social mobility outcomes.
  • Understanding multigenerational mobility requires integrating demographic factors with socioeconomic status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a demographic approach for studying multigenerational social mobility.
  • To incorporate demographic mechanisms into statistical models of social mobility.
  • To analyze how demographic processes amplify or dampen socioeconomic mobility across generations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a joint demography-mobility statistical model.
Keywords:
Markov chain processesSocial mobilitydemographymultigenerational inequality

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  • Shifted focus from offspring mobility probability to the number of offspring in different social classes.
  • Utilized empirical data from IPUMS historical U.S. census samples (1850-1930) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968-2015).
  • Employed simulation data to explore various demography-mobility interaction scenarios.

    • Main Results:

    • The joint model quantifies the interplay between demographic behaviors and social mobility.
    • Demographic differentials can significantly moderate the impact of family socioeconomic position across generations.
    • Empirical examples demonstrate the practical application of the demographic approach to multigenerational mobility.

    Conclusions:

    • A demographic perspective is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of multigenerational social mobility.
    • Demographic factors play a significant role in shaping long-run family and population structures.
    • This integrated approach offers new insights into the complex dynamics of social stratification over time.