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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Effective Immunofluorescent Staining Protocol for Intestinal Cell Biology Research
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ACE2 chromogenic immunostaining protocol optimized for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue sections.

Marda Jorgensen1, Paul Joseph1, Amanda L Posgai1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

STAR Protocols
|July 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details an optimized immunostaining protocol for detecting Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human pancreas, intestine, and kidney tissues. This method is crucial for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology.

Keywords:
AntibodyHealth SciencesImmunologyMicrobiologyMicroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry.
  • Understanding ACE2 expression in different cell types is vital for COVID-19 research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize an immunostaining protocol for ACE2.
  • To identify human cell types expressing ACE2 in key organs.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive testing of multiple primary antibodies.
  • Immunostaining protocol optimized for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human pancreas, small intestine, and kidney tissues.
  • Utilized tissue samples from organ donors and autopsies.

Main Results:

  • An optimized protocol for ACE2 immunostaining was established.
  • The protocol is applicable to human pancreas, small intestine, and kidney tissues.
  • This facilitates the identification of ACE2-expressing cells in these organs.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol enables reliable detection of ACE2.
  • This research aids in understanding SARS-CoV-2's cellular mechanisms and COVID-19's impact.
  • Further research can build upon this validated immunostaining technique.